Learning This Week: Indian Temple Architectures
Every week I learn something interesting about a topic.
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The learning post on archietcture got a lot of views and great feedback. So, let us learn some more about the topic but with a different flavour. Today, let’s learn a bit about the various Indian temple architectures.
Indian temple architecture can be broadly categorized into three primary styles: Nagara, Dravida, and Vesara. Each style has unique features and regional variations.
Nagara Style
Nagara architecture is predominant in northern India. Key characteristics include:
Garbhagriha: The sanctum sanctorum where the main deity's idol is housed, typically square in shape.
Shikhara: A curvilinear tower that rises above the garbhagriha, often elaborately decorated.
Mandapa: A pillared hall used for congregational worship.
Temples built in this style often feature intricate carvings and are constructed from materials like sandstone and marble. Notable examples include the temples at Khajuraho and the Sun Temple in Modhera.
Dravida Style
Dravida architecture is found primarily in southern India and is known for its distinct features:
Garbhagriha: Similar to the Nagara style but often larger.
Vimana: A pyramidal tower above the sanctum, which is stepped and ornate.
Mandapa: Typically more extensive than in Nagara temples, often with multiple halls.
This style emphasizes verticality and grandeur, with elaborate sculptures depicting deities and mythological scenes. The Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur is a prime example of this architectural style
Vesara Style
Vesara architecture represents a hybrid of Nagara and Dravida styles, emerging in the Deccan region. It incorporates elements from both styles:
Plan: Often square or rectangular with a combination of curvilinear and pyramidal forms for the towers.
Shikhara/Vimana: May vary between circular, octagonal, or apsidal shapes.
This style reflects a blend of northern and southern architectural features, evident in temples like those found in Karnataka. Chalukyan, Hoysala, Rashtakuta, and Vijayanagara architectural styles form part of this.
Other Prominent Styles
Beyond these primary styles, there are significant regional variations:
Odisha Temples: Known for their distinctive rekha style shikhara and intricate carvings; examples include the Jagannath Temple in Puri.
Hill Temples: Found in regions like Himachal Pradesh, these often feature wooden constructions with pagoda-like roofs.
Jain Temples: These exhibit unique architectural elements distinct from Hindu temples, often showcasing intricate marble work.
Summary
Indian temple architecture serves as a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and intricate craftsmanship. The sheer grandeur of the majestic sturctures stand as timeless testament to the vision, oppulence, spirituality and faith of India.
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